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Sharjah lets you enjoy modern art thanks to Finbar Kenny

Taking us back to a time when stamp collecting was big business allows us to see why the hobby declined. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

This style of stamp issue is called a dune. It is not recognized as a real stamp by the catalogs as they were printed outside the tiny Emirate and the designs had nothing whatever to do with the country. The Emir had merely outsourced his possibility of producing stamps. The designs are well printed but done for dramatic visuals rather than inform about exotic places. It is thought by many that having children involved in the hobby insured the future. Instead playing to them chased off the adults and left even real countries modern offerings resemble Sharjah’s stamps.

Sharjah is a tiny Emirate on the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. For many years the principle industry was pearl diving. It has been ruled by the Al-Qasimi clan since the early 18th century. Soon after the Emirate became a protectorate of Great Britain which was chosen over a similar status offered by the Ottoman Empire. The British built an airport in Sharjah as it was a useful stopover from planes going between Baghdad and India. The British also handled the postal system with a civilian post office in nearby Dubai and a military one operating out of Sharjah’s airport.

As the British faded the local Emirs began negotiating toward what became the United Arab Emirates. In the time several Emirs became involved in the big money stamp business of the 1960s thanks to the efforts of American businessman Finbar Kenny. Finbar Kenny had been an executive at the American department store Macys. He was head of their stamps department. I will give you a moment to collect yourself after falling out of your chair. Yes at the time department stores often had stamps departments. The innovation came in the 1930s when Minkus first set up his card tables near the elevators of department stores. This would occupy the children so the mothers could shop. It may have something to do with some collectors not collecting stamps produced after World War II.

Finbar Kelly then went out on his own. He made deals with Emirs to produce stamps in their name. In the case of Manama, it was just a tiny village. He designed dramatic stamps that would attract the young and printed them in great quantity. The coming together of the UAE was the end of these deals in 1973. Finbar Kelly then approached the Cook Islands with a similar deal. The commissions were to support old age pensions on the island. Soon the trouble started. A Prime Minister approached Finbar Kelly and asked for an advance on the revenue which he was given. He used the money to fly in voters to the small island to sway the election his way. The Supreme Court of the islands discovered what happened and removed the Prime Minister. They then remembered the money and went after Finbar Kelly for bribery. They made him double pay that years stamp revenue and pay an additional fine of $50,000. Apparently it was his fault that they are a bunch of crooks. Well probably so for having involved himself.

Well my drink is empty but I will pour another to toast Finbar Kelly. His stamp issues probably hurt the hobby more than helped it and even 50 years later are not worth anything. They were dramatic and who doesn’t like looking at unlicensed reproductions of modern art. Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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New Zealand 1989, a small country remembers playwright Bruce Mason

A small country has a difficult time with high culture. As New Zealand felt less a part of the wider British Commonwealth, there was a tendency to issue stamps for local figures that may not rise to that level of acclaim. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair, Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

Todays stamp is an example of why I am more comfortable with old issues. This was a four stamp issue of NZ authors. None are well known. There is the prerequisite woman, two undistinguished white guys and  a Maori writer. The designers clearly planned it out that way. As with racial and sexual quotas with employment, the enterprise tends to lessen the achievement of those given the awards with this criteria.

Todays stamp is issue A328, a 70 cent stamp issued by New Zealand on March 1st, 1989. The four stamps were in various denominations. According to the Scott Catalog, the stamp is still worth 70 cents, though now in United States dollars.

Bruce Mason was born in 1921 and served in the army in World War II and in the forestry service post war. He also was a playwright and a founding partner of the Downstage Theatre in Wellington. His most famous work was a semi autobiographical play named “The End of the Golden Weather” It is the story of depression era boy traumatized by local riots who befriends a mentally challenged boy named Firpo. Firpo dreams of running in the Olympics but has no athletic ability and ends up in a mental institution. Sounds like pretty dreary stuff and when made into a movie it was recast as a buddy picture.

Mason went on to many other plays that often hinged on the downsides of the Maori experience, though that was not Mason’s heritage. He also was a critic in the local paper in Wellington. No word whether all his critiques were not dreary enough. Mason died of cancer in 1981 and his Downstage Theatre closed in 2013. No worries, the government has taken up his legacy and not just with the stamp issue. His name is used on a reward to promising local playwrights. They also attached his name to an event venue in Auckland that is preparing to put on a musical based on the life of Nelson Mandela. I am sure all this makes Kiwis very proud. I hope those putting on the Mandela musical will remember the legacy of Mr. Mason and make it dreary. I am confident.

Well my drink is empty and I may pour a few more while I ponder the future of stamp issuance in the pc age. Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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Switzerland 1938, cellebrating the new building after the organization had failed

Utopians never stop believing. Hence the organization still goes on today in it’s hundredth year even though it was born in a way that guaranteed failure. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

This stamp from the interwar years shows the Brutalist structure built along Lake Geneva to house the International Labor Organization. The organization was intended to standardize labor practices at a high level across countries. A tall order and clearly something that rose from the socialist workers movement. As such, a brutalist building is a must, and this stamp does a good job of showing the building in its best light.

Todays stamp is issue A63, a 20 Centimes stamp issued by Switzerland on May 2nd, 1938. It was a four stamp issue celebrating the new League of Nations buildings in Geneva. I covered the Palace of Justice stamp here, https://the-philatelist.com/2017/11/07/the-league-gets-a-palace-but-so-late-they-just-leave-it-empty/  . According to the Scott catalog, the stamp is worth 25 cents.

World War I had seen Europe devastated. There was wide agreement across countries that there should be a new set of standards for the working person post war. The Second International Socialist Movement had excluded the movements earlier association with anarchists and now was in a better situation to suggest improvements for workers. Among them were no child labor, an eight hour work day, a minimum living wage, right to organize, and equal pay for equal work for women. All sensible demands that would be enacted and enforced by the League. At the time there were still worldwide European Empires so the European countries could by extension set the standard worldwide.

That is until the USA got involved. The USA sent labor leader Samuel Gompers to negotiate and his position was to water down the standards. Gompers was a Jewish immigrant from Britain and Netherlands who entered the labor movement from cigar making in New York City’s lower east side. That sounds like someone who would fit in well with the European Socialist movement. Gompers differed from them in several ways. He thought the movement should be particularly about the worker represented and less about a wider class struggle. He also worried that the international standards would act as a maximum as well as a minimum standard. Through Gompers intervention the standards were watered down and had no enforcement mechanism. The USA after fundamentally changing it, actually refused to join the organization until 1934.

Post war the organization continues under the United Nations and employs 2700 people. It also operates a training program in partnership with a University in Turin, Italy. The organization keeps statistics and sets goals but is ever hampered by having no enforcement capability and now with so many small, poor countries to deal with.

It is fun to imagine if the organization had worked as intended. The high standards would have lead to a high cost of labor that would have been fairly uniform across countries. This would probably reduced international trade but at the same time reduced economic dislocations that come from profit seeking capitalists seeking out ever cheaper labor. It also would have been interesting to see how it would have coped with decolonization. It may have surprisingly found itself in favor of continued colonial status in order to maintain the hard fought standards. This then might have prevented the increase in migrant workers as they often are seeking countries where their labor will be more valued.

Well my drink is empty and I will pour another to toast the architects of brutalism. Imposing socialism from above was going to be a tall order. The architects gave them a building, that while not beautiful, leaves you imagining the people within are capable of accomplishing it. Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting

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Greece 1969, the regime of the Coronels remembers the world war differently

In 1941, Greece had a right wing government and a King but an alliance with Britain. Thus they were invaded by Germany, quickly conquered and the King fled. Most opposition to the Germans was communist. When the Germans decided to pull out the Royal government came back and had a big fight not with fascists but with communists. what an embarrassing mess but leave it to then Greek junta to invoke Athena and make everything smell peachy. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

I really admire the confidence of the then Greek government in invoking ancient Athena in recognizing Greece’s war experience. The ancient warrior Queen rising up to rid Greece of Italians, Germans, Bulgarians, fascists, communist, and whoever else passed through. Well all of the above were there and then they weren’t, so why not give the credit to Athena. What a miracle!

Todays stamp is issue A275, a 4 Drachma stamp issued by the Kingdom of Greece on October 12th, 1969. It was a three stamp issue celebrating the 25th anniversary of the liberation of Greece from the Germans, Italians, and Bulgarians. According to the Scott catalog, the stamp is worth 25 cents used.

Greece had intended neutrality in World War II. The government was right wing with ties to Germany but the King was an Anglophile. When Italy annexed Albania in 1939 and threatened Greece, Britain offered to guarantee Greek borders. Italy was quickly beaten back but then the Germans invaded and little resistance was offered. The King was evacuated to Crete and then Egypt and formed a government in exile. Resistance to the Germans was almost entirely communist that had little contact with the government in exile.

When the Germans decided to withdraw intact from Greece in 1944 it got very interesting. The king appointed a national unity government under center left politician Geogios Papandreou. When they arrived with British help they found what an obstacle the Communists partisans were. German puppet Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Rallis had formed Greek units to fight the partisans and it was these units that stood up beside the British to fight the Communists. Unlike under the German occupation, there were street battles in Athens. Even during this fighting, Papandreou resigned from the new government because of the involvement of the fascists and Rallis was put in jail for collaborating with the fascists. A mess and Greece was plagued by civil war for years afterward. Britain had to fight against unexpected foes to retain influence in Greece.

Rallis despite his collaboration was a fairly conventional center right politician. His father was Prime Minister in an earlier time ant though Rallis died in jail his son became another center right Prime Minister in the 1980s. I mentioned the Papandreou resigned when things got tough in 1944. That does not mean he did not have several more terms as Prime Minister. In 1967 there was a coup in Greece lead by right wing Coronels of the Army. Papandreou was opposed to this and placed under house arrest. He soon died in a similar captivity to Rallis. His grandson in the 2000s was also a center left Prime Minister.

Well my drink is empty and I am sure my British readers most have all would have wished Greek neutrality had been honored. That might have still left them to Stalin in 1945, but I bet they would have been a big pain in his neck either way. Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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Romania 1955, promoting female empowerment or just Stalin in a skirt

Interesting the earlier communist issues of Romania before the stamps were farmed out for foreign exchange. The image of the lowly citizen in their labors as part of the creation of a better state was unique to the time. How much was the reality however. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

Romania in the mid 50s was still paying a huge price for the previous governments having fought alongside the Axis in World War II. The overwhelmingly peasant, agricultural based economy was required to make great transfers of wealth to the Soviet Union. Yet these stamps show little of the country’s agriculture, instead opting for industrial workers and urban students such as the girl pictured on this stamp. The communists party was divided between the prison faction, industrial leftists organizers that were imprisoned for their activism and the Moscow faction, more intellectual, mainly Jewish leftists who had been in exile in Moscow until they returned with the Red Army in 1944. The 80% of the country that were simple peasants can be excused for feeling removed from the debate.

Todays stamp is issue A378, a 40 Bani stamp issued by the Peoples Republic of Romania in 1955. It was a 12 stamp issue in various denominations that featured various professions in Romania. Only one of the stamps was an agricultural worker who showed off a new tractor, no doubt provided by the new communist industrialization. According to the Scott Catalog, the stamp is worth 25 cents.

As the fortunes of war changed Romania attempted to change sides. The fascist Prime Minister Antonescu was dismissed and arrested by King Micheal and turned over to the Red Army for a show trial and execution. Communist industrial leaders including future General Secretary Gheorghe Gheorgiu-Dej were released from jail and quickly appointed to high roles in the still Royal government. The Red Army  was welcomed and with them came Romanian exiled Communists like Ana Pauker who became foreign minister, the first female to hold such a position in the world. The communist raising of women to high postions was real. By 1948 the communist takeover was complete with the King forced at gunpoint to abdicate but then generously allowed to leave weighted down with crown jewels and 47 paintings. Better than King Michael did for his former partner Prime Minister Antonescu.

There was now a power struggle setting up over who got to run the Communist Party. In this Ana Pauker was at a big disadvantage. She had been absent and was of Jewish background. The Jews had been very unpopular in the old days as the often operated as advantage taking intermediaries between peasants and absentee German landlords. There were far fewer Jews after the atrocities of the war years but where Gheogiu-Dej had suffered for his beliefs in fascist jails, Anna Pauker had prime gigs in places like Paris and Vienna promoting international communism.

Ana Pauker

Stalin was very much in charge in the client state of Romania and he had become suspicious of dual loyalty among Jews in the movement. Suggestions of dual loyalty are often used as a slight against Jews but when Ana Pauker went against Stalinist policies by helping remaining Jewish Romanians escape to Isreal and trying to extract extra privledges for wealthier Kulates peasants her fate was sealed. She was removed as Foreign Minister and placed in jail awaiting her own show trial. The death of Stalin got her reprieved, as she was friendly with Molotov’s wife but she was unsuccessful in her quest to return to power. She died of breast cancer in 1960.

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

With all the debts due Moscow Gheogiu-Dej progress in Romania was slow. He attempted to industrialize to busy the many workers coming off the farm and started trading ties to the West. His largest achievement was negotiating the withdrawal of the Red Army from Romania in 1958. He died of lung cancer in 1965 and his deputy Ceausescu replaced him and continued to expand industrial ties to the west.

Well my drink is empty and I don’t think I would do well in the Romania of the day as I have many loyalties. Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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Canada creates an Order of Canada, to further seperate from the British Queen, but has her hand it out

Liberal Canadians were a little different pre Pierre Trudeau. Still interested in building Canada as a separate independent nation, but still recognizing the ties to Britain. The period the Order of Canada comes from explains the structure. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

This stamp is a fairly straightforward view of the medal, seen in the highest of the three grades. The red maple leaf is only on the highest companion level. Interesting that the red maple leaf was designed in the same era as a symbol of Canada independent of the Empire. Yet the Medal awards the status of being a companion of the British Monarch. Reflective of the confused time.

Todays stamp is issue A363, a 12 cent stamp issued by Canada on June 30th, 1977. It was a single stamp issue honouring the 10th anniversary of the of the establishment of the Order of Canada. According to the Scott catalog, the stamp is worth 25 cents whether it is mint or used.

It was decided to offer a medal to outstanding Canadian citizens in the mid 1960s. Before that, a smaller number of Canadians were recognized as part of the British Honours system. The government of the time was Liberal, under then Prime Minister Lester B Pearson. A committee of Canadians would recommend a list of potential honorees to the British Governor General of Canada who then approves them on the authority of the Queen. The three levels of the medal represent the Monarch (Companion), The Governor General (Officer), and everyone else (Member). About 100 medals are handed out every year. It is safe to say that if the medal had come into being 5 years later, under Prime Minister Trudeau with his greater Quebec sensibilities, the British Royals would have been bypassed.

The award is not always well received. One or two percent of the awards are refused. Usually because of divided loyalty regarding potential Quebec independence or Jewish Heritage. The committee works to be inclusive of those from Quebec and people of First Nation heritage, which is what Canada calls Indians. However the Medal is relinquished if the honouree is convicted of a crime. The nature of the Medal sees it going to many political activists and occasionally a controversial one sees older awards being returned in protest. The medals are officially property of the Queen but are allowed to be passed down within families as an heirloom. Occasionally one comes up for sale. One bought at an estate sale for $45 and then put on eBay for resale. Bidding hit $750,000 before eBay pulled the auction.

The award can be seen as a short step away from Britain but some time there is a circle back around. It has been more recently decided that being awarded the medal entitles the recipient to have a Canadian Family Crest designed for those that don’t already have one. The Queen signed off on a Canadian Heraldic Authority in 1987, so Canadians no longer had to apply to the existing ones in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Sounds pretty silly, but I have a representation of my (British) family crest hanging on the wall, so who am I to judge.

Well my drink is empty and so I will patiently wait till tomorrow when there will be another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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Italy 1941, Hitler interviews Mussolini about his future role as a colonial governor

Even for Italian fascists, this stamp does not age well. At first Italy was an important ally of Germany and Mussolini’s rise to power was an inspiration to Hitler. Italians fortunes in the war went very badly and the King removed Mussolini and had him arrested. Only to have him “saved” by the Germans and named a figurehead of their occupied Italy. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

This stamp displays Hitler and Mussolini as equals. They were not even in early victorious days. Though he fashioned himself as the leader, il Duce, Mussolini was just a Prime Minister that the King could and did have him removed when things turned bad. There was a coup attempt against Hitler in 1944 as things went bad, but it failed because Hitler retained all his power. One wonders to what extent even Hitler realized the difference.

Todays stamp is issue A235, a 25 Centessimi stamp issued by the Kingdom of Italy in 1941. It was part of a five stamp issue in various denominations. There were additional denominations prepared but not actually issued. The post war Italian government auctioned them off to stamp dealers with the proceeds going to charity. According to the Scott catalog, this stamp is worth $2.25 used. The post war charity issue are worth $35 and of course are all mint.

Benito Mussolini was born the son of an active socialist. The name Benito was after a left wing Mexican President. As a young man, he himself was active in socialist politics especially when he emigrated to Switzerland to avoid Italian military service. He returned to Italy when there was an amnesty for draft dodgers but soon was working in the then Italian areas of Austria Hungary. Over time he became well read and multilingual and his politics became more right wing as a result of World War I. Like Peron in Argentina, his rise to power attempted to draw support from both the left and the right. As with Peron, in power he was a figure of the right. With him has Prime Minister, he signed alliances with Nazi Germany and  Japan.

The Italian army proved to be a big liability once the war started. Their equipment was not up to date and Italian industry had no ability to correct that. Italy’s attempts to invade Greece from Albania  and Egypt from Libya were failures. An even bigger mistake was sending over 200,000 troops to fight alongside the Germans in Russia. The force had little military capability and really fought alongside Romanian and Hungarian in what the Germans hoped would be quiet flanks near Stalingrad. They weren’t as this was where the Soviets counterattacked. The German client state troops folded like a cheap suit and the German position at Stalingrad was surrounded and the defeat was the turning point of the war. Barely half of the Italian troops made it back to Italy in early 1943. By then the Italian presence in Africa was at an end and the allies invaded Sicily.

Italian King Victor Emmanuel II removed Mussolini as Prime Minister and had him confined in a mountaintop hotel. In a daring raid, Germany landed commandos from gliders on the mountaintop recovering Mussolini and flying him off the mountain in a small Storch airplane. A haggard Mussolini was flown to Hitler and his new role as a colonial governor was explained to him. Germany had occupied the Italian boot and would contest the Allies in Italy for the rest of the war.

In April 1945 Mussolini attempted to again head for Switzerland where he hoped to fly to sanctuary in Franco’s Spain. He left his wife and children behind, perhaps as a continued presence in post war Italy. He was instead found by communist partisans, shot, hanged and his body desecrated publicly. His remains were later dug up by his supporters and Italy had a crazy corpse hunt on his hands. When the government finally found his remains they were at a loss as to what to do with them. Eventually in 1957, a right of center Italian government contacted Mussolini’s widow Rachele and turned over his remains for a Catholic burial in his hometown. By then, she was running a restaurant in her hometown. She was eventually granted a pension but for years was denied on the excuse that Mussolini had not taken a salary as Prime Minister. She died in 1979. This stamp equates Hitler with Mussolini, but the extent that he was part of the system allowed his family some normalcy eventually. Hitler had no descendants, but his henchman had no future in postwar Germany.

Rachele Mussolini

Well, my drink is empty and so I will open the conversation in the below comment section. Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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Norway 2011, 150 years of the sports confederation

Often countries, especially smaller ones, look to sports as a place to excel. In Norway’s case, it is more than being the fan of a few great athletes. There is instead very broad participation, and it is thought that the sports are a great contributor to the athletes physical and even spiritual health. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

Todays stamp is kind of a mess and displays the kind of faults that are so often present on modern stamp offerings. Modern printing techniques allow for elaborate printing on a small scale. For those of us who remember studying tiny variations on some 19th century stamp that should be exciting. Instead a lot is going on with this stamp and you have to be a stamp collector to take the time to take in all that is going on. Another problem is that is a modern self adhesive stamp. As such, the condition used after getting it off the envelope is suspect.

Todays stamp is issue A618, a 14 Krone stamp issued by the Kingdom of Norway on January 3rd, 2011. It was a single stamp issue that celebrated the 150th anniversary of the Norwegian Sports Confederation. According to the Scott catalog, the stamp is worth $3.00 used.

The Sports Confederation got it’s start in 1861. That means it predates an independent Norway. At the time there was a political union with Sweden. Norway had previously been a subject of Denmark and when independence from Sweden was achieved in 1906, a Danish Prince was recruited and elected as the first King or Norway.

During World War II Norway was occupied by Germany but the sports confederation went on. The Germans hired Charles Hoff to lead the confederation. Hoff was an Olympian at the 1924 Paris Olympics and set several world records in the pole vault. As some of you may remember from reading this article https://the-philatelist.com/2019/02/07/1924-paris-olympics-the-last-of-the-modern-olympics-that-paid-homage-to-the-ancient-greeks/ , on the 1924 games it was a time when athletes were troubled by amateur status. Hoff was banned from further amateur competitions in 1926 after being paid for a series of exhibitions and performances in the USA. A 1931 pole vault world record was not recognized because of Hoff’s professional status. Hoff began to develop ideas on how  to improve amateur athletics in Norway and the change in government was the opportunity he was waiting for.

Hoff proposed that instead of a few stars there should be opportunities instead for large teams of Norwegians. He proposed a national sports university  and much increased funding that could be raised by a national lottery. He thought wider participation would increase the countries health and spiritual growth. Initially the German occupation was enthusiastic about Hoff’s ideas but as their fortunes in the war dimmed, they reneged on the promised funding. Hoff resigned in disgust in 1944.

Post war, Hoff’s ideas were quickly implemented. The lottery came in 1948 and the national sports university was founded in 1968. The Sports Confederation has currently over 2 million participants with 12,000 sports clubs spread out in 54 regions. The progress happened without Mr. Hoff. Post war he was sentenced to 9 years of hard labor for the crime of collaborating with the Nazis. Recently the sports confederation started having to share the lottery funding 50/50 with cultural investments.

Well my drink is empty and given the sedentary nature of stamp collecting it may be wrong to pour another to toast sports participation. Well maybe we should anyway as long as after a good sporting workout, everyone comes back tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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Lebanon 1961, My army fights for me, not thee, but will protect us from the eagles of the whirlwind

What to do when a country is majority Christian but desired by pan Arabist? Don’t ask Lebanon because standing together against outsider threats is not possible. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

Todays stamp as the look of a French Mandate over an Arab country. Yet the country was independent and Christian. Welcome to the fertile crescent. Where if one side is up, the other side is down. The French had sensibly ran for the door after the war and their lackeys try to fill their shoes. This stamp is surprisingly honest about the situation.

Todays stamp is issue C296, a 5 Piaster airmail stamp issued by the Republic of Lebanon in February 1961. It was a three stamp issue in various denominations that displayed an Arabic map of Lebanon and Christian President Fuad Chehab. According to the Scott catalog the stamp is worth 25 cents used.

During World War II, the French Mandate in Lebanon and Syria initially sided with the Axis aligned Vichy French. This was an embarrassing situation as France  was originally an Allied power. The French colonial troops with Lebanese volunteers standing beside them fought the mainly Australian Allied force sent to liberate them. The Australian forces prevailed and promptly turned over the area to Free French forces. France came to understand that their situation in the area was untenable and Syria was turned over to Arabs to declare independence and Lebanon separated out and turned over to Christian rulers who also declared independence from France. The leaders picked were Maronite Christians whose sect originated in Antioch and was a rival of the Eastern Orthodox Christian church and closely identified with the old Phoenician culture. This group was about 22 percent of Lebanon.

Fuad Chehab got his start in putting together military units of Lebanese that were willing to fight with the Free French Forces. When Lebanon declared independence the units under Chehab’s command became the new army of Lebanon. An imperfect power sharing system was in place that guaranteed Maronite Christian domination but granted some representation to the Arabs. Among the Arabs of Lebanon, there were many followers of the pan-Arabist Syrian Social Nationalist and their armed wing, the Eagles of the Whirlwind. They imagined a greater Syria that included Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, and even Cyprus and Cilicia in Turkey.

The first two Maronite Presidents faced much armed opposition. Despite being Maronite himself, Chehab’s army would not be under civilian control and did not lift a finger to support the elected President when trouble came. With no help from his own army, President Chamoun asked for and received American armed intervention to put down the Arab uprising of 1958. Then the Americans did what Chehab had really wanted and gave him the Presidency as a formerly neutral consensus candidate.

No one will be surprised that once Chehab was President, things changed in one respect. When the Eagles of the Whirlwind rebelled against him. the Lebanese army was finally on guard to keep Chehab in power. The army was not much help in the later civil wars or against the armed incursions of Palestinians that so destroyed Lebanon later. That is what happens when it is turned from a national stabilizing force to the lever of power of one man. Lebanon goes on ever trying to perfect a power sharing arrangement between Christians and Muslims and to stay independent from Syria. The Eagles of the Whirlwind are still around themselves and fight alongside President Assad’s army in the long running Syrian civil war.

Well my drink is empty and I will pour another to toast the French for leaving after the war. Imagine the hopeless effort required to stay. Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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Switzerland 1989, celebrating 50 years of Reka making vacations possible for all Swiss

Switzerland for quite a while as been one of the worlds rich countries. Part of doing better is the ability to travel for leisure. Switzerland found a unique way of keeping more travel local and opening up the experience to a wider group of potential travelers. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

This stamp is one of the many Swiss issues that show off some aspect of the society that makes life easier for some of it’s citizens. Now that we are all global citizens such issues date a bit. As period pieces, these stamp shows how hard the government was working to show they are being good stewards of Switzerland’s economic success. I wish todays governments thought as hard about how things look. To outsiders though, they can come across as bragging.

Todays stamp is issue A384, a 50 Rappan stamp issued by Switzerland on August 25th 1989. It was part of a 5 stamp issue in various denominations that celebrated the 50th anniversary of the reka travel organization. According to the Scott catalog, the stamp is worth 25 cents used.

As Switzerland got wealthier there was more world travel both for it’s citizens and tourist visiting. Switzerland had the idea of a new system that encouraged getaways to stay in Switzerland. 1939 was an advantageous time to start such a plan with war breaking out all around peaceful Switzerland. The increased local travel protected hospitality jobs and increased infrastructure for tourists.

The reka organization set up a point system where you buy points that can be then used on travel. Paying for travel with reka points results in a 17 percent discount over paying cash. There is the ability to save reka points in anticipation of travel that is not taxed. When points are redeemed, the hotel for example pays a three percent commission to the organization. The organization is not for profit and instead uses the revenue to subsidize travel for single parents and those with a low income.

The subsidy for the poorer is not complete. Their website is currently offering a weeks vacation for a mother and child for 200 Swiss Francs. This equalization of outcomes must be difficult to pull off successfully. You have to avoid filling hotels with ungrateful lower classes that ruin the experience for paying customers while still providing a social good that justifies the not for profit status of the organization. As Switzerland becomes more diverse and takes in ever more refugees that share little with the Swiss citizens supporting them, it will be interesting if subsidies like reka survive. So far so good, the stamp celebrated 50 years and in 2019 reka still operates after 80 years.

Well my drink is empty and I am left wondering what the dynamic is at Swiss hotels. Are reka people welcomed as a step up from say American tourists or are they thought of as economy travelers that only are taken when the hotel is not full? Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.