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Burundi 1969, Recognizing 5 years of the African Development Bank

Five years doesn’t seem much when the ADB has been going on for now 58 years. 1969 was still a different time when there was still hope that African lead pan African institutions would get beyond colonial shackles to a bright future. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from the Philatelist.

The new hope I mentioned above is all over this stamp issue from 1969. The stamp issue broke down the progress into four areas, industry, agriculture, education, and communications. I am featuring the communications stamp. Notice the radio announcer, at a station no doubt funded by the ADB, sits in a modern control booth and exabits the new pan African style pioneered by Ghanaian President Nkumo and later copied shamelessly by Barack Obama. What the African listener heard was going to be different than the BBC World Service. Progress. If you look at modern materials from the ADB, you see their high rise and claims what a safe, respected institution they are. Understandable, but less exciting and vaguely off track on a continent where there is still much to do.

The now again headquarters building of the African Development Bank in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Todays stamp is issue A36, a 30 Franc stamp issued by Burundi on July 29th, 1969. It was a four stamp issue plus a souvenir sheet in different denominations. According to the Scott catalog, the stamp is worth 40 cents cancelled to order.

The African Development Bank was formed at the suggestion of the Organization of African Unity. That was a group of newly independent African leaders and those still struggling for independence. The idea was that once Africa had expunged colonialism a pan African economic and political block would take it’s rightful place as an important world power. This goal was not to be as it was let down by African leaders who became dictators for life and broke down further into colonial language and European economic theory blocs. There was no need for a dictator debating society and the Organization of African Unity closed in 2002.

The African Development Bank goes on. It is hard to point to large projects that once done, transformed the continent. On the other hand, over the years literally thousands of projects have been funded, yet the bank is still solvent which implies the projects were successful and thus were able to pay back the money fronted. Here I want to point out that the single biggest source of capital is not charity from a donor country but capital invested by Nigeria, mainly during it’s oil rich salad days in the 1970s. It is still run by Former Nigerian Minister Akinwumi Adesina. There is still a little of the pan African flair. The headquarters of the Nigerian dominated bank is in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Notice the former colony of a different country, speaking a different language, pan African ideal in action.

Bank President Akinwumi Adesina. It’s nice that lapel pin factories remember Nigeria and then Dr. Adesina was able to find a matching bowtie.

The realities of Africa make progress slow. or even regression. We are talking about a real Burundi stamp from 1969, There last real issue was from 9 years ago as they no longer can prove a postal system. Indeed the African Development Bank had to abandon their headquarters building and set up temporary shop in Tunis between 2003 and 2017 due to civil war in the Ivory Coast. They are back in their old building which still stood. Take progress where you can and build on what you have.

Well my drink is empty. Usually I make fun, perhaps too much, of an “institution” like ADB. Here I am kind of impressed it is still around and trying to do what it was created for. Ah bartender, another please. Come again soon for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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Burundi 1964, The Pope canonizes victims of a precolonial King and gets a stamp with another one

A precolonial King in Buganda killed some Baptized Africans in 1884. In the 1960s, the Church wanted to be seen as inclusive and not racist so assured that the long ago crime will be remembered. In response the Pope is shown on equal footing with another precolonial King of a total cesspool of a country. Perhaps not so well thought out. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

The arrogance of King for not much longer Mwambutsa IV of Burundi must have known no bounds. There was not actually a meeting of the two, but a real picture of someone meeting the Pope usually shows some defferance. It is interesting to think that the Burundi King  thought the story of an old crime by another King was one he wanted to emphasize. It may come down to the old folkway that a King has special powers granted him by God. Mwambutsa did not, he was overthrown two years later.

Todays stamp is issue A11, a 14 Franc stamp issued by the Kingdom of Burundi on November12th, 1964. It was a 6 stamp issue in various denominations celebrating the Canonization of 22 victims who died for their faith in Buganda in 1884. According to the Scott catalog, the stamp is worth 25 cents.

Buganda, modern day Uganda, stayed under local rule longer than most. That does not mean that there were not attempts by white missionaries to convert the locals to Christianity. A Catholic group of such “White Fathers” got to work in Buganda in 1878. This did not please the King, none of the 60s sources list which King, who ordered the killing of any local black who was baptized. The death toll according to white father records was 22. The deaths are reported to have sped up rather than slowed down the progress of Christianity in Buganda. It did not seem to hurt the King of Buganda, as he still had some ceremonial powers in Uganda at the time of this stamp. See https://the-philatelist.com/2018/12/05/uganda-1942-a-british-bridge-in-self-governed-buganda/  ,Canonization of course requires later miracles attributed to the future saints. 2 Catholic nuns, the “White Sisters” reported in 1941 that intervention from the Buganda victims had given them a miracle in ending their heart problems. The canonization happened in 1964 and the Church hoped it would signal their inclusiveness. It also seemed to a have a big dose of good old fashioned white man’s burden.

King Mwambutsa was a child King with a regency before the arrival of Belgium in the area after World War I. He was left in place by the Belgians and upon independence of Burundi in 1962 he really had his power back. He was a Tutsi in an area with many Hutus though and in the absence of Belgium, he had trouble ruling those who had no allegiance to him. In 1966 there was an attempted coup and the good King departed for Switzerland leaving his son behind as a Regent. A second coup later in 1966 ended that  and a Republic was declared. Burundi has been and still is one of the poorest places on Earth. The King lived out his days in Switzerland. In 2011, his remains were exhumed with the idea of giving him a proper state funeral in Burundi. His family fought this in Swiss court, he had specifically stated that his remains were never to return to Burundi. After a long court case, his remains we reinterred in Switzerland. See https://the-philatelist.com/2017/11/08/the-prince-who-was-assasinated-after-fighting-for-independence/ .

Well my drink is empty and I am left pondering the Catholic practice of declaring Saints. A stamp collector is always in favor of remembering worthy humans, but at what point does it start to resemble the supposed granting of special powers as with those silly old African Kings? Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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Ruanda-Urundi 1959, if we are leaving the Congo, we are not staying here

As recently as World War I, Belgium was still actively trying to add to its colonies in central Africa. Just 40 years later, there was pressure everywhere to just leave. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage, and sit back in your most comfortable chair. Welcome to todays offering from The Philatelist.

A stamp with a gorilla on it from a European colony in Africa. In todays world we are on dangerous ground. I considered not doing the stamp. At least the gorilla is native to the territory. I will report the intentions of the Belgian colonial administration and why it failed in it’s stated and real objectives. This I believe will show a large contribution to why the post independence countries were such failures.

Todays stamp is issue A29, a 10 Centimes stamp issued by the Belgian administration of the United Nation Trust Territory of Ruanda-Urundi in 1959. It was part of a 14 stamp issue in various denominations showing examples of the local wildlife. According to the Scott catalog, the stamp is worth 25 cents whether it is mint or used.

During World War I Belgium sent an invasion force into the area from neighboring Belgian Congo. The area was then part of German East Africa. The attack was successful and the wars end saw Belgium occupying the territory. Post war the League of Nations recognized Belgium’s administration of the area but put forth conditions that Belgium was to ready the area for independence by investing in education and economic development. The Belgians had invaded under the old profit model where the economic output of the area is first used to make remittances back to Belgium with only a fraction remaining in the area to fund progress in the colony. The Belgians stated their goals this way so as to justify an extended time of the area as a profitable colony. “The real work is to change the African in his essence, to transform his soul, to do that one must love him and enjoy daily contact with him. He must be cured of his thoughtlessness, he must accustom himself to living in society, he must overcome his inertia.” Not sure any amount of time or money could achieve all that.

The money to accomplish it was miniscule. The education system was mainly just charity through the Belgian Catholic Church. The economic output was mainly coffee plantations of the type that rarely survive independence. At the time of independence the two new countries had less than 100 native college graduates between them. There were Royal lines in the two countries that predated colonial times and still ruled aspects of the administration of natives. These were not popular and were from a minority tribe. It was still Belgium’s intention to turn the countries fully over to them.

The Crown Prince in Burundi tried a stunt to give the Royal line more legitimacy. He returned early from his Belgian education with no degree but marketing himself as a labor leader who was going to rid the place of the Belgians. His party did well in the Belgian organized elections. The Prince and now soon to be Prime Minister was then assassinated. The heads of the rival party were blamed and quickly executed. The show trials purported to show the Belgian Colonial Governor Jean-Paul Harroy was behind it. This got rid of the rival party and surely sped up Belgium’s departure.

The unproven accusations greatly damaged the reputation of Governor Harroy. He had been somewhat a star with a PhD in Colonial Sciences. Something I am sure that is not much studied anymore. His thesis on African soil erosion resulting from colonial agricultural methods was quite influential worldwide and part of the decolonization movement. In any case Harroy returned to Belguim to become a University Professor and both Royal lines were overthrown within a few years.

There was a well known movie called “Hotel Rwanda” that showed scared locals and westerners marooned there desperately trying to get the Belgians to intervene during one of Rwanda’s many troubled periods 30 years post independence. They didn’t of course, by then they knew that their original mission was impossible and the Africans were themselves the ones to end their troubles.

The Mountain Gorilla is native to that part of Africa. They are critically endangered  with only about 880 remaining. This is a small improvement over a low of 410 estimated in 1981. There is a black market trade in gorilla babies stolen to be sold as pets or for Asian zoos. This also usually results in the death of an adult who will fight to the death for the baby.

Well my drink is empty and so I will open the discussion in the below comment section. Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.

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The Prince who was assassinated after fighting for independence.

Welcome readers to todays offering from The Philatelist. So slip on your smoking jacket, fill your pipe, take your first sip of your adult beverage and sit back in your most comfortable chair. We have a story today about a Prince who was assassinated while fighting for independence.

The stamp today is African from the first years of independence of the country of Burundi. The stamps these years generally have a very optimistic look to them. Some of the style of USA President Barrack Obama was influenced by 1960s newly independent African countries. This is slightly different as the young leader on the stamp had already been assassinated.

This is semi postal issue B1, a 50 +25 centimes issue of the kingdom of Burundi that came out on February 15th, 1963. It depicts Prince Louis Rwagasone with his birth and death years of 1932 and 1961. It is part of a six stamp semi postal issue. The additional charge of 25 centimes was to fund a memorial and stadium in Burundi’s capital of Bujumbra. The memorial and the stadium were built and still stand today. According to the Scott catalog, the stamp is worth 25 cents cancelled. The stamp is both cancelled and gummed, indicating a issue not intended for mail use.

The royals in Burundi lasted through many colonial changes but were not able to keep the throne long into independence. Prince Louis’s father, King Mwambutsa IV took the throne in what was then German East Africa. He was a child at the time and there was a regent to wield power until the King could take the reigns in 1929. Meanwhile during World War I the area had fallen out of German hands and was now controlled by Belgium. Prince Louis left university in Belgium to return to Burundi to fight for independence. He formed a political party, the socialist Union for National Progress, UPRONA, and started boycotting Belgian shops and taxes. During this period he married a Hutu wife, the Royal family being Tutsi in order to smooth over tribal distinctions. The UPRONA was banned and the Prince was placed under palace arrest by the Belgians.

UPRONA won 80% of the vote in the election that Belgium allowed however and an independent kingdom was declared still under King Mwambutsa IV. He appointed Prince Louis the first Prime Minister of independent Burundi. However, Prince Louis was assassinated at his home later in 1961 by a Greek assassin who was accompanied by three Burundian members of a pro Belgian political party. All four were hung with out a full account of whether Belgium had a hand in the plot.

The King left power to his teenage son, and Prince Louis’s half brother Prince Ntare in 1966 who was then soon overthrown. The government in Burundi is Tutsi and 85 percent of the people are of the Hutu tribe. This has lead to many Hutu rebelians. King Ntare V attempted to return to Burundi in 1972 with the help of Uganda’s President Idi Ammin but was quickly arrested and executed. Former King Mwambutsa IV lived out his years in Switzerland. In 2012, Burundi sought return of his remains so he could be buried in his homeland and given a proper state funeral. His remains were dug up but ended up staying in Switzerland after a four year court case. He had directly stated in his will that his remains were not to return to Burundi.

Well my drink is empty and so it is time to open up the conversation in the below comment section. Burundi is the second most unhappy nation in the world, so it is understandable that they respect Prince Louis, who died before he had the chance to disappoint them. Even today, the day he was assassinated is a national holiday in Burundi. Come again tomorrow for another story that can be learned from stamp collecting.